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Chapter summary

Chapter summary

Presentation: VPdvy

  • The smallest unit of matter is the atom. Atoms can combine to form compounds.

  • A compound is a group of two or more different atoms that are attracted to each other by relatively strong forces or bonds. The atoms are combined in definite proportions.

  • In a compound, atoms are held together by chemical bonds. Covalent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds are examples of chemical bonds.

  • A covalent bond exists between non-metal atoms. An ionic bond exists between non-metal and metal atoms and a metallic bond exists between metal atoms.

  • Covalent molecular structures interact and exist as separate molecules.

  • Network structures exist as giant repeating lattices. Network structures can consist of covalent, ionic or metallic compounds.

  • A chemical formula is an abbreviated (shortened) way of describing a compound.

  • The molecular formula is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that make up a particular covalent molecular compound. The molecular formula gives the exact number of each type of atom in the molecule.

  • The empirical formula is a way of expressing the relative number of each type of atom in a chemical compound. The empirical formula does not show the exact number of atoms, but rather the simplest ratio of the atoms in the compound.

  • The structure of a compound can be represented by stick, ball-and-stick or space-filling models.

  • A stick model use coloured sticks to represent compounds.

  • A ball-and-stick model is a 3-dimensional molecular model that uses “balls” to represent atoms and “sticks” to represent the bonds between them.

  • A space-filling model is also a 3-dimensional molecular model. The atoms are represented by spheres.

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